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Amps and Watts and Volts, Oh My!
(Writer’s note: My apologies to the composer of the “Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!” from the Wizard of Oz.)
Obviously, our daily lives would be inconceivable without electricity. Today, almost everything involves the use of electrical energy. Moreover, the increasing use of electricity is an important requirement for the continuing and swift expansion of industry, from agriculture to warehousing and everything in between.
Minus the application of electrical energy, there would be no television, broadcasting, or even telecommunication. What’s more, heating and cooling systems, home entertainment centers, laptops, electric ovens, and most other appliances would be obsolete. Put simply, the significance of electricity cannot be overestimated.
Anyone who has purchased any manner of electrical apparatus must have encountered the terms amperage (amps), wattage (watts), and voltage (volts). Regrettably, not every homeowner knows or appreciates the significance of these terms.
Let’s face it. As just mentioned, so much of our daily lives run on electricity, yet many of us don’t know the difference between a 60-watt and 75-watt light bulb or how voltage from the wall socket supplies enough juice to run both a small desk lamp and a powerful microwave.
Having at least a basic understanding of watts, amps and volts not only makes you an informed consumer but can actually allow you to save a substantial amount of your hard-earned cash on your monthly energy bills.
What is a volt?
Voltage is a measurement of the electric potential or “pressure” at which electricity moves through a system. Voltage is also defined as the speed of single electrons as they move through a circuit and is measured in units called volts.
In the United States, power from the electrical grid is provided to homes at two different voltages:120 volts and 240 volts. That’s due to the fact that various home appliances operate at different voltages. Large, energy-ravenous appliances such as air conditioners or clothes dryers operate at 240 volts, while most other devices, such as light bulbs, TVs, computers, and cell phone chargers, only require 120 volts.
In short, volts are typically considered “the pressure” of electricity – -the higher the volts, the more pressure it has.
By the way, volts are named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, who built one of the first batteries in 1800.
What is an amp?
Amperage is just one more way to determine the amount of electricity running through a circuit. Amperage is the “rate” the current is flowing through the circuit or the number of electrons traveling through the wire. Amperage is listed in units called amps.
You probably will come upon amps if you peek inside your home’s service panel (also called the breaker box). You’ll observe various circuit breakers listed as 15 amps, 20 amps, and 30 amps. The higher the amperage, the more electricity can flow through the circuit. Once more, large appliances such as air conditioners and dryers will be attached to 30-amp circuits, while most additional outlets will be powered by 20-amp or 15-amp circuits.
If you try to run too many appliances on the same circuit, the breaker will “trip” and cut off power in order to prevent the wiring from overheating.
FYI: The unit is named after the French physicist Andre-Marie Ampere, one of the fathers of electromagnetism.
What is a watt?
Of all these various units of electricity, wattage is probably the most familiar to you. For years, you’ve been purchasing 40-watt and 60-watt light bulbs with the clear understanding that a 60-watt bulb is going to shine brighter than a 40-watt bulb. But why?
Wattage, it turns out, is the amount of power an electric device expends. Another way to consider wattage is “electricity at work” – the power needed to actually do something, whether it’s operating a vacuum (400 to 900 watts), ringing the doorbell (2 to 4 watts) or illuminating a light bulb (40 to 75 watts).
To determine wattage, you merely multiply voltage (pressure/speed) by amperage (volume), expressed as V x A = W. The faster each electron moves through the circuit and the greater the volume of that circuit, the higher the wattage.
Wattage is measured in units called watts after James Watt, the Scottish engineer who popularized the steam engine.
Here are the wattage ratings of some common appliances:
Ceiling fan: 60 to 70 watts
Clothes dryer: 1,000 to 4,000 watts
Coffee maker: 500 to 1,000 watts
Dishwasher: 1,200 to 1,500 watts
Washing machine: 500 to 800 watts
Electric stove: 2,000 to 3,000 watts
Garage door opener: 300 to 400 watts
Microwave: 600 to 1,700 watts
Phone charger: 4 to 7 watts
What are ohms?
Gotcha, you thought we were all done. So far, we’ve talked about various ways to measure the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit and the amount of wattage that’s required to run different electrical devices linked to that circuit.
Electrical wiring used in construction is made of materials like copper and aluminum. While good conductors of electricity, these materials have a definite amount of natural resistance or friction, which reduces the flow of electricity. When electricity passes through various electrical devices and appliances, they also employ their own resistance.
This resistance is measured in ohms which are named after the German physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm.
Still a bit confused? Perhaps this analogy will help clear things up a bit.
A water pipe analogy
Amps, volts, and watts are three basic concepts you will frequently deal with when talking about an electrical system, with a fourth being resistance which is measured in ohms. It may seem a bit overwhelming, but you don’t need an engineering degree to be familiar with what electricity is and how to use it to your advantage.
Start by picturing water flowing within a closed system, such as a water pipe. The circuit made by the water corresponds to electrical flow. Electricity, much like water, travels in an uninterrupted circular fashion through a conductor, such as a wire. Each individual electrical term – amps, volts, watts, and ohms – plays an important role in this flow of electricity.
In our water analogy, amps would be equated to the volume of water moving past any certain point at a particular moment.
Within this electrical circuit, amps measure the electrical current or the volume (not speed) of existing electrons. On the other hand, a voltage can be compared to water pressure. Volts denote the speed at which electrons pass a precise point within a closed circuit.
So, what’s the difference between amps and volts? Amps and volts operate in harmony with one another with their own clear-cut roles. An ampere is a measure of electricity. Volts represent the difference in potential that drives amps to flow through the closed circuit. Put simply, while amps are equal to the volume of water in our pipe analogy, volts carry the water through the circuit.
What about watts? Derived from the formula V x A = W, a watt is the rate of power flow that’s actually produced. For example, if the water system described herein was used to operate a mill, watts would represent the amount of energy created to power the mill.
Finally, we have our ohm, which defines electrical resistance. Within an electrical circuit, resistance results from any material or object that reduces the flow of electricity. Ohms measure the precise amount of resistance. Within our water analogy, ohms represent pipe size. For example, less water will be able to flow through a narrow pipe than a pipe that’s wider at the same pressure. Put simply, a wide pipe is less resistant than a narrow pipe.
Bringing it all together
It’s important to understand these basic concepts on their own, but the real fun takes place when we tie amps, volts, watts, and ohms all together.
Ohm’s Law relates voltage, current, and resistance. It’s represented by a simple equation: V = I * R, where V=voltage, I=current (amps), and R=resistance (ohms).
If you keep the resistance the same and increase the voltage, the current has to increase. Like our pipe analogy, if you increase the pressure, then more water will flow through it.
Resistance works against voltage to slow down the flow of electrons. If resistance increases while the voltage stays the same, the current flowing through the circuit will decrease. Always keep in mind that the higher the resistance, the more voltage will be needed to overcome that resistance. Similarly, in our analogy, if you decrease the size of the pipe to create a smaller diameter, you’ve increased the resistance, meaning less water can flow through the pipe.
To bring together watts (power), amps (current), and volts, we need one more simple equation: P = V * I, where P=power, V=voltage, and I=current.
Keep in mind that Power = Watts.
Looking back at our example of water flowing through a pipe, we can now see how power is directly related to current and voltage using this equation.
For example, imagine you’re employing the flowing water through the pipe to turn a water wheel. The faster the wheel turns, the more power is generated. If the pipe size remains the same, we can make the wheel turn faster in one of two ways. The first is to increase the flow rate, which means more water and weight is hitting the wheel and spinning it faster. The second way is to increase the water pressure so that the water hits the wheel with more force and turns it faster.
In our analogy, the water flow rate is equal to the current, and the water pressure is equal to the voltage. As the equation will show, if you increase either the current or the voltage, your power will also increase.
Okay, how about a more practical example of our use of electricity
Grasping how these different terms relate to one another can be helpful, for example, in determining whether an existing electrical panel can sustain another appliance.
While watts are interchangeable, voltage is generally fixed. An appliance that consumes a large quantity of current, such as an electric stove, may need to be on a distinct circuit with a higher voltage. This is because it demands a higher voltage, meaning that it uses up more current per unit of time than other appliances, so it needs more voltage. Without the higher voltage, the appliance simply wouldn’t run because it would be deprived of the current it needs to be able to operate.
Understanding the association among various electrical terms can also help you assess monthly power bills. Electrical consumption is measured in watts, or watt-hours and power companies measure and bill consumption in kilowatt-hours which is equal to consuming 1000 watts of power for one hour. Most households consume hundreds of kilowatt-hours every month.
The number of kilowatts billed to each household is linked to the volts and amps. Volts remain constant, but amps change depending on the demand for current. When you switch on more appliances or run them for lengthier periods, you boost the demand for current, which in turn increases the total watts consumed. By running fewer appliances or changing to more efficient devices that demand less current, you can cut the amount of kilowatts consumed and slash your energy bills.
Okay, hopefully, you have a better understanding of electricity, how it is employed to power appliances and other devices around the home and how you can save yourself a bit of money by using it more wisely.
In the meantime, if you have concerns or issues with your electrical system or any appliances or devices that are powered by electricity, please don’t hesitate to contact the experts at Phillips Heating & Air Conditioning.
[/fusion_text][fusion_code]<script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Article", "name" : "Sleep Better: Tweak Your HVAC", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Phillips Heating & Air Conditioning" }, "datePublished" : "2019-06-21", "image" : "https://phillipsheating.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/phillips-blog-june-hvac-better-sleep.jpg", "articleBody" : "Sleep Better: Tweak Your HVAC</H2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<DIV class=\"post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<DIV class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;\"><DIV class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><DIV class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1 fusion-builder-column-1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<DIV class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\" data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<DIV class=\"fusion-text\"><H1 data-fontsize=\"76\" data-lineheight=\"99\" style=\"font-size: 76.684px; line-height: 99.689px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Sleep Better: Tweak Your HVAC for a Better Night’s Sleep</STRONG></H1>\n<P>According to the National Sleep Foundation, 50 percent of Americans have poor or insufficient sleep.</P>\n<P>We would like to point the finger at a variety of factors for our lack of sleep. Perhaps it’s our own minds running feverishly with thoughts about the next day. Or, maybe it’s a lumpy bed’s doing or whatever noise we hear down the hall or downstairs. If you’re having difficulty sleeping<STRONG>, what you might not have thought about is that your bedroom’s physical environment is not suitable for a good night’s sleep.</STRONG></P>\n<P>That’s right, you can fine-tune the environment in your bedroom for a better night’s sleep.</P>\n<P>Getting plenty of quality sleep is vital for good health and many people feel as if they simply don’t get enough of it. Keep in mind that the quality of sleep can affect your mental processing and ability to focus and overall productivity. Not to mention how much and how well you sleep can influence your metabolism, immune function and mood.</P>\n<P>Fact is, a great night’s sleep is dependent on how comfortable you are and the temperature and humidity level in your bedroom could have a major role in how well you sleep.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Pop Quiz: What are some of the most important factors in getting a good, restful night of sleep?</STRONG></H2>\n<P>A comfortable pillow? A soft mattress? Hot shower? Cozy blankets? A sleep mask? Perhaps some white noise or relaxing, nature-themed music?</P>\n<P>All of the above are good answers but you might be surprised to learn just how important your home’s HVAC system can be in complementing some (or all) of the above in achieving that perfect night’s sleep. <STRONG>While your bed, comforter and pillow are all big players in a good night of rest, don’t sleep (pun intended) on the significance of your HVAC system.</STRONG></P>\n<P>This blog will take a closer look at the ways your HVAC system can be put to better use to help you sleep better.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Set cooler temperatures at night.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>Your body’s internal temperature naturally decreases at night, so having a hot bedroom makes its job that much harder. <STRONG>You can assist your body with cooling down by lowering the temperature on your thermostat before you retire for the evening.</STRONG> According to the National Sleep Foundation, the ideal bedroom temperature for the best possible night of sleep is <STRONG>between 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit</STRONG>, depending on your personal preference. There’s a reason you probably prefer the cold side of the pillow.</P>\n<P>Of course, this might mean dialing back the heat in the winter and dialing up the air conditioning in the summer. The latter, however, can lead to higher energy bills, so you might want to consider investing in a zone-controlled air conditioning system.</P>\n<P><STRONG><EM>Note:</EM></STRONG><EM> A zoned HVAC system involves multiple thermostats, each responsible for controlling a different part of the house independently. With this type of system, you can adjust the temperature in the bedroom. This leads to less energy use and increased comfort.</EM></P>\n<P><STRONG><EM>Warning:</EM></STRONG><EM> There are potential risks of setting your air conditioner too low. If you set it at a very low temperature in hopes of cooling you off faster, the air conditioner will run almost continuously. This will drive up your energy bills. Also, the motor will keep running and put unnecessary strain on all moving parts. This will wear it out prematurely. So, set your thermostat at a comfortable temperature, be patient and you’ll save needless wear and tear on your HVAC system.</EM></P>\n<P>Willing to turn up the A/C during the heat of summer, but not interested in investing in a zone control system at this time? <STRONG>Surely, there are some other things you can do to make sure your HVAC system runs efficiently.</STRONG></P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Create a breeze.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>Fans are the best for this. <STRONG>Overhead fans can help you reach the ideal sleeping temperatures by pushing cool air on you all night long.</STRONG> Additionally, fans also help circulate the air to keep it fresh and breathable. Fresh air makes breathing easier. When we are sleeping and have trouble breathing, it will hinder the ability to get a good night’s sleep.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Another fringe benefit is the steady hum of white noise most fans create.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>This effect can be so soothing that you might even want to use a comparatively noisy box fan if your ceiling fan is too quiet. White noise can not only help you fall asleep, it can help you stay asleep by muffling middle-of-the-night noises that might otherwise wake you up.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Rearrange your furniture to allow air to circulate.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>Scan your rooms to make sure that furniture isn’t obstructing the vents and flow of cool air that will help keep you cool overnight. <STRONG>Move furniture, drapes and toys out and away from registers to help air flow fluidly around the room.</STRONG> Remember that closing vents in certain rooms will not actually help cool your home faster but will create extra strain for your HVAC system.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Have routine maintenance performed on your HVAC system.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>We’ve talked about this this in previous blog entries, but it merits repeating over and over. <STRONG>Many homeowners still don’t realize that they need to regularly maintain their HVAC units to provide optimal comfort year ‘round.</STRONG> Many factors can affect how efficiently your A/C is working, including the cleanliness of the vents. So, it’s critical to have your HVAC system checked prior to the cooling and heating seasons to ensure it’s working at peak efficiency.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Replace your filters</STRONG>.</H2>\n<P>In past blogs, we’ve often mentioned the importance of changing your air filters. Once again, we can’t overemphasize its importance.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Your HVAC system doesn’t just cool and heat your indoor air. It’s also designed to remove particulates in the air that can cause allergic symptoms and breathing problems.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>Many people lose sleep at night due to congestion, coughing, wheezing, itchy eyes and sneezing. But while you’re likely to blame pollen, pet dander, mold and other such allergens, your HVAC system could also be responsible, in part, for your symptoms.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>One sure way to help combat this is to regularly change your system’s air filters.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>Most air filters need to be cleaned or replaced on a monthly basis, although some high-efficiency filters can last a little longer between cleanings.</P>\n<P>Since the air filter is such a critical player in reducing these allergens, you should think about investing in a quality filter capable of trapping even the tiniest particles. You might want to consider <STRONG>upgrading to a HEPA-style filter with a MERV rating of at least 10 for better filtration performance.</STRONG></P>\n<P>The point is, HVAC systems play a bigger role in alleviating allergy systems than you might think, as <STRONG>they reduce allergens and improve indoor air quality, helping you to get a better night’s sleep.</STRONG></P>\n<P><STRONG> </STRONG></P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Keep humidity in mind. </STRONG></H2>\n<BLOCKQUOTE>\n<P><STRONG>There really is something to the old adage that “It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity.” </STRONG></P>\n</BLOCKQUOTE>\n<P>Besides temperature, humidity is something that could be influencing your ability to get a good’s night sleep. <STRONG>Humid air is less breathable air.</STRONG> By that, we mean your body works harder to breathe it, and that can make it more difficult to relax and lead to a more restless night of sleep.</P>\n<P>If the humidity in your bedroom is too high, it can also feel stuffy while you feel sticky and you end up desperately tossing the covers around until you fall asleep from sheer exhaustion. <STRONG>Levels above 50 percent also foster mold growth and other allergens, which can trigger respiratory issues, which will interrupt your sleep</STRONG>. Usually this isn’t a huge problem if you have central air conditioning since the A/C helps control the humidity with the home.</P>\n<P><STRONG>Humidity below 30 percent, however, can make your skin, throat and nasal passages cracked and scratchy.</STRONG> Are your lips chapped? Does your nose bleed often? You don’t want to feel restless at night, so set your humidity level to something that facilitates sleep, ideally somewhere between 30 and 45 percent. This can usually be achieved by investing in a whole-house humidifier. Or, keep a portable humidifier in the bedroom to achieve ideal sleeping conditions.</P>\n<P><STRONG><EM>Hint:</EM></STRONG><EM> Using an inexpensive digital hygrometer, you can measure the humidity level in your bedroom.</EM></P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Don’t let outside air in.</STRONG></H2>\n<P>While your air conditioning is running<STRONG>, leaving outdoor doors and windows open is a great way to reduce operating efficiency and undermine your HVAC’s system’s ability</STRONG> to bring your home to a more comfortable temperature. Whether you’re letting hot air into your home during the day or bringing in cool air at night, your air conditioner has to fight even harder to pull the humidity out of the air and cool it down.</P>\n<P>A closely related mistake is using exhaust fans in the kitchen or bathroom. These fans can push conditioned air out of your house, which needlessly increases the strain on your A/C unit. During the cooling season, use these fans as sparingly as possible.</P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>You don’t have a programmable thermostat? </STRONG></H2>\n<P>Heat rises. This means that if your bedroom is on the second floor, it’s likely hotter than the rest of your Pittsburgh home. We’ve noted above it’s a good idea to lower the temperature before going to bed. <STRONG>If you want to make it more convenient, consider having a programmable thermostat installed in your home.</STRONG></P>\n<P>With a programmable thermostat, all you have to do is set a schedule once. Your system will continue to follow your instructions until you decide to change it again. You can tell your thermostat to automatically make your home cooler before you go to bed and have it warm up again right before you wake up. You can wake up comfortable and rested without having to fiddle with your thermostat all the time.</P>\n<P>There’s evidence that the next advancement in heating and cooling could be wi-fi thermostats. Once they are synced to a wi-fi router, you’ll have remote access from a computer or via an app, all from the convenience of a smartphone or tablet. Such wi-fi thermostats keep you connected to your home with control literally in the palm of your hand.</P>\n<P><STRONG>Not only can these programmable and wi-fi thermostats help you get a better sleep, they can lead to decreased energy usage and utility bills and may even extend the life of your HVAC equipment.</STRONG></P>\n<P><STRONG>For more information on programmable and wi-fi thermostats, please <A href=\"https://phillipsheating.com/contact-us/\">visit the Phillips website for contact information.</A></STRONG></P>\n<H2 data-fontsize=\"46\" data-lineheight=\"59\" style=\"font-size: 46.01px; line-height: 59.43px;\" data-inline-fontsize=\"true\" data-inline-lineheight=\"true\"><STRONG>Better bedtime habits</STRONG>.</H2>\n<P>We understand how crazy life can be but, if possible, maintain a bedtime schedule and routine. <STRONG>Try to go to bed and wake up close to the same time every day, even on weekends.</STRONG> This can help reset your body’s internal clock.</P>\n<P>Making your own personal bedtime ritual could help your body get ready for bed. For example, avoid eating big meals close to bedtime. Do a relaxing activity to help you take it easy such as a warm bath, reading a book or listening to relaxing music. Get in the habit of doing these things before bed. Your body will learn that it’s time to head to bed and go to sleep.</P>\n<P><STRONG>Your home’s comfort is our business and we want to help keep you cozy day and night. Give yourself the peace of mind that comes from offering you the best service and best products possible.</STRONG></P>\n<P><STRONG>No matter where you purchased your HVAC unit, Phillips Heating &amp; Air Conditioning professionals can help you repair and maintain it for maximum efficiency. <A href=\"https://phillipsheating.com/contact-us/\">Contact one of our service technicians</A> and get the sleep and comfort you have always wanted.", "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "name" : "PHILLIPS HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING" } } </script>[/fusion_code][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
